Yes. There is a pre-test, but it is not cheap.

The chances of being allergic to tattoo ink are very small, but if you are concerned about it, you should ask in the studio if the artist will be willing to test some ink on your skin. You will be charged for it because the artist will need to go through the sterilization procedures they perform between customers to ensure safety, just as if you had gotten the entire tattoo. But since there are quite a few metals used in tattoo inks, you might want to pay the price for the test, especially if you have a history of allergies.
 

See the other questions in our Tattoo Ink FAQ about possible allegic reactions to tattoo ink and other substances.